Ubuntu 安裝 package 出現 conflicts 時的解法

這篇只討論我自己常遇到的一個情境: 明明只是升級某個套件或加裝相關套件, aptitude 卻發瘋似的說有些相關套件的相依版本不合, 要移掉一大堆套件才能繼續。

解法是下指令時同時安裝目標套件和 aptitude 抱怨不合的相依套件。

實例如下:

$ sudo aptitude install git-svn
[100%] Reading package lists
...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  git-svn libsvn-perl{a} libterm-readkey-perl{a}
The following packages will be upgraded:
  perl perl-base perl-modules
3 packages upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 793 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.3 MB of archives. After unpacking 4,449 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libperl5.14 : Depends: perl-base (= 5.14.2-6ubuntu2.1) but 5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3 is to be installed.
Internal error: the solver Install(libc-bin:amd64 2.15-0ubuntu10.5 <libc6:i386 2.15-0ubuntu10.5 -> {libc-bin:amd64 2.15-0ubuntu10.5 libc-bin:i386 2.15-0ubuntu10.5}>) of a supposedly unresolved dependency is already installed in step 153
Internal error: the solver Install(libc-bin:amd64 2.15-0ubuntu10 <libc6:i386 2.15-0ubuntu10 -> {libc-bin:amd64 2.15-0ubuntu10 libc-bin:i386 2.15-0ubuntu10}>) of a supposedly unresolved dependency is already installed in step 335
Internal error: the solver Install(fontconfig-config:amd64 2.8.0-3ubuntu9 <libfontconfig1:i386 2.8.0-3ubuntu9 -> {fontconfig-config:amd64 2.8.0-3ubuntu9}>) of a supposedly unresolved dependency is already installed in step 337
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Remove the following packages:
1)      gtk2-engines-murrine:i386
2)      hplip
3)      libatk1.0-0:i386
...
73)     printer-driver-hpijs
74)     telepathy-haze
75)     zlib1g:i386

      Leave the following dependencies unresolved:
76)     empathy recommends telepathy-haze
77)     foomatic-db-compressed-ppds recommends printer-driver-hpijs
78)     libsane-hpaio recommends hplip (= 3.12.2-1ubuntu3)
79)     ubuntu-desktop recommends hplip


Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] q
Abandoning all efforts to resolve these dependencies.
Abort.
$ sudo aptitude install git-svn libperl5.14
...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  git-svn libsvn-perl{a} libterm-readkey-perl{a}
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libperl5.14 perl perl-base perl-modules
4 packages upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 792 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.3 MB of archives. After unpacking 4,449 kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Selecting previously unselected package git-svn.
Unpacking git-svn (from .../git-svn_1%3a1.7.9.5-1_all.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libperl5.14 (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up perl-modules (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up perl (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up libsvn-perl (1.6.17dfsg-3ubuntu3.3) ...
Setting up libterm-readkey-perl (2.30-4build3) ...
Setting up git-svn (1:1.7.9.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
...
Current status: 792 updates [-4].
[fcamel@fc-vm ~/dev ]
$ git svn
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
Already at toplevel, but .git not found
 at /usr/lib/git-core/git-svn line 308

2015/01/04 更新

可配合 apt-cache show PKG 了解套件的相依性, 實用例子見《Ubuntu 12.04 安裝 graphviz 遇到 confclit》。

另外這個不知要記在那裡, 順便記在這裡: 安裝指定版本的方法: aptitude install PKG=VERSION。PKG=VERSION 的語法可用在 isntall, show, download, forbid-version 等指令。